Que es un sistema abierto?
Un sistema abierto esta abierto a cambios, inovaciones, ideas, creatividad y esfuerzo. son las empresas que no tienen miedo a probar cosas diferentes con tal de seguir en el mercado.Ejemplo:
Why Companies Should Have
Open Business Models
Source: MIT Sloan
Management Review
9 pages. Publication Date: ene 01, 2007. Prod. #:
SMR231-PDF-ENG
Because of two trends--rising R&D costs and
decreased product revenues (due to shorter product life cycles)--companies are
finding it increasingly difficult to justify investments in innovation. Business
models that embrace open innovation address both issues. The development costs
of innovation are reduced by the greater use of external technology in a firm's
own R&D process. This saves time as well as money, and the firm no longer
restricts itself to the markets it serves directly. Now it participates in
other segments through licensing fees, joint ventures, and spin-offs, among
others. These different streams of income create more overall revenue from the
innovation. To partake more fully in the benefits of open innovation, companies
need to develop the ability to experiment with their business models, finding
ways to open them up. Building that capability requires the creation of
processes for conducting experiments and assessing their results. Although that
might seem obvious, many companies simply do not have such processes in place.
In most organizations, no single person short of the CEO bears responsibility
for the business model. Instead, business unit managers (who are usually posted
to their jobs for just two to three years) tend to take the business model for
granted. To understand how an organization can open its business model, the
author provides case examples
of IBM, P&G, and Air Products, three companies that operate in different industries
with vastly different technologies and products. Each used to function
with a very internally focused, closed business model, and each has since
migrated to a business model that is substantially more open.
Bibliografía: http://hbr.org/product/why-companies-should-have-open-business-models/an/SMR231-PDF-ENG
Sistemas abiertos: P&G, IBM.
Que es un sistema cerrado?
Sistema cerrado: Es un sistema que no cambia, a pesar del esfuezo no hay creatividad, la empresa se estanca hasta llevar a la bancarrota. Ejemplo:
Kodak deja a un lado la
fabricación de cámaras digitales y videocámaras
Estados
Unidos- Como
parte de su reestructuración, Eastman Kodak -empresa
que hace un mes se declaró en bancarrota- anunció que abandonará la fabricación
de cámaras digitales, cámaras de video de bolsillo y marcos digitales, con el
fin de enfocarse en sus divisiones más rentables como sus impresoras inkjet de
escritorio y su área de artes gráficas.
La compañía eliminará estas tres líneas de producción
en el primer semestre de 2012 y buscará el apoyo de otras empresas para que
licencien su marca en dichos productos.
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